CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Method of Exam: Direct Exam
......Leading Questions
.........Exceptions
............Hostile or Adverse Witnesses
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Party to civil action, or witnesses identified with that party, may be examined on direct exam by other party as if on cross.

Leading questions may be asked of adverse witnesses under Federal Rules.

Considering D's former prosecutor as hostile witness, or considering hostility between him and defense, D not prejudiced by court's requirement that he examine prosecutor without asking leading questions.

Hostile witness may be examined by leading questions on direct examination.

Leading questions of hostile witness permitted, since witness unlikely to follow suggested lead.

Who is adverse witness.