CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Method of Exam: Cross-Exam
......Adverse Witnesses
.........Who is Adverse
............Employee of Party
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Employee of a party generally deemed to be an adverse witness.

Employee of a party generally deemed to be an adverse witness.

Person who was party's employee at time action arose is adverse, even if no longer employed.

Examples of subcontractors and others who were paid by party, but whose relationship is so attenuated such that they are not deemed to be adverse to other party.