CALIFORNIA FAMILY LAW
...Custody and Visitation
......Nonparents-Custody Award
.........Findings Required
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Statutory findings required before court can award custody to nonparent without consent of parent.

Standards and criteria of FC 3041 are an appropriate balancing of competing interests involved in nonparental custody cases and do not run afoul of the Constitution.

Custody award to grandparent after long-term, nonjudicial placement with grandparent sustained.

Required findings of former Civil Code section 4600 can be presumed if supported by evidence.

Detriment finding required to support award to nonparent in guardianship proceeding.