CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Writings
......Authentication
.........Manner of Authentication
............Of Tape Recordings
3 Cards On This Topic:

O's presence at D's initial postarrest interview gave him sufficient familiarity to support identification of D's voice on tape recorded conversations entered in evidence.

Transcript of tape recording properly excluded as irrelevant because underlying tape not properly authenticated; requirements.

Audio tape recording is a writing and must be properly authenticated.