CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Writings
......Authentication
.........Manner of Authentication
............By Direct Observation
6 Cards On This Topic:

Authentication by signer not required.

Authentication by other evidence.

Authentication by direct observation.

Complete tape of jailhouse conversation in Spanish identified by investigator who made tape is properly authenticated, even though investigator did not speak Spanish.

Videotape of deceased witness' prelim testimony properly authenticated by testimony of person who recorded tape.

Foundation properly laid for admission of audio tape.