CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Writings
......Authentication
.........Manner of Authentication
............In General - By Other Evidence
4 Cards On This Topic:

Authentication is not limited by statute.

As W could not authenticate gang list and the DA did not introduce evidence showing it was in fact a status list for the Sons of Samoa street gang, trial ct. erred, harmlessly, in permitting the DA to question W about it.

Authentication by indirect and circumstantial evidence.

Authentication by stamp and initials on official record sufficient.