CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Hearsay Exceptions re Statements
......Co-Conspirator (Crim.) Admissions
.........Conspiracy Need Not Be Charged
4 Cards On This Topic:

Uncharged conspiracy may be used to prove criminal liability for acts of co-conspirator.

Co-conspirator exception applies even though no conspiracy charged.

D need not be charged with conspiracy to apply co-conspirator exception to hearsay rule.

Under co-conspirator exception, only need establish prima facie evidence of conspiracy to admit evidence; conspiracy need not be charged.